Answer Sheet for GTECH 201 Spring 2005 Midterm Exam

1. Typical false color images show the color red assigned to what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum?
□ □ □ þ □		Ultraviolet Green Red Infrared Thermal Infrared
2. Which of the following image characteristics determine the smallest object that can be recognized?
□ □ þ □ □	Scale Shape Spatial resolution Spectral resolution Location
3. What color is vegetation on a typical false color image?
þ □ □ □ □	Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
4. Which of the following statements is wrong?
□ þ □ □ □	Data and programs are structurally the same; they are bits and bytes stored on a computer Data are a special kind of program that other programs work with We tell Unix to interpret data as programs by setting the ‘executable’ file permission Data are what programs work with, what they act on or are applied to All programs are data but not all data are programs
5. The file permission 645 says
□ □ □ □ þ	Owner can read, write, and execute, group can write, world can read and execute Owner can write and execute, group can read, world can read and write Owner can read, write and execute, group can just read, and world can read and execute Owner can read and write, group can read and execute, and world can write and execute Owner can read and write, group can just read, and world can read and execute
6. All of the following statements about programs are true except one. Which is the incorrect statement?
□ þ □ □ □	Programs are instructions that tell the computer what to do Programs can be written in plain English Regardless of the programming language, programs are processed as a series of binary values (0’s and 1’s) Programs can be interactive or run just by themselves Ms Windows recognizes programs by the file extension (.exe, .com, .bat)
7. All of the following are operating systems, except one. Which one does not fit here?
□ □ □ þ □	Linux OS X MS DOS MS Excel MS Windows
8. Windows XP is a multi-user operating system
□ þ	True False
9. Programs can be started from all of the following except
□ □ þ □ □	Start menu Quick launch bar Task bar Desktop Windows Explorer
10. A lot of things can be found in a file folder or directory. What does not fit?
□ □ □ þ □	Files Folders Programs Drives Data
11. Which of the following statements about files is incorrect?
□ □ □ □ þ	Files have a name and an extension The file extension tells us and Windows the purpose or use of the file File extensions typically have 3 characters but can have more Files of the same name and extension cannot exist in the same directory The file extension tells Unix the purpose or use of the file
12. Which of the following statements about directories is incorrect?
þ □ □ □ □	Directory names have to be unique Directories can have directories, which can have directories Directory paths describe how to access a file relative to one’s current location or to the root directory Directories in a Windows path description are separated by a ‘\’ or backslash Directory names can have special characters such as ‘.’ or ‘&’
13. Pick the correct phrase to complete the sentence “A megabyte is…”
□ □ þ □ □	One million bytes One thousand kilobytes Enough to store 1,000 average-length plain email messages 1,024 bytes The size of a typical remotely-sensed image
14. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
□ □ þ □ □	The Internet is a network of computer networks The Internet supports different protocols such as http, ftp, email Internet addresses are hierarchically organized using backslashes just like directory paths Domain names tell us about the purpose the same way that file extensions tell us about a file’s purpose Domain names can be replaced by IP addresses
15. To secure our geography website, you cannot set links to web pages outside the geography department from within your public_html directory
□ þ	True False
16. A measurement …
□ þ □ □ □	Is number-based (measuring means being able to count units) Is the recording of a score for an element or instance of a variable Requires the use of raw variables Always has a location and a timestamp If well-conducted, describes the element completely
17. A derived variable …
□ □ þ □ □	Is not a measurement but a calculation Is, by definition, secondary data Is a measurement in relation to another Can, or better, should not be used in conjunction with another derived variable Is inferior to a raw variable because it is a measurement that has already been manipulated
18. A tally of age groups among GTECH 201 students is …
□ þ □ □ □	Nominal Ordinal Balance Interval Ratio
19. Measurements of tidal gauges are …
□ □ □ □ þ	Nominal Ordinal Balance Interval Ratio
20. A geographic data structure in its most elementary form consists of
□ □ □ □ þ	Points, lines, and polygons Either raster or vector data Geometries and a reference system that links these geometries to points on the Earth’s surface Coordinates Matrix (spreadsheet) of rows of records with spatial, temporal, and other attributes
21. In MS Excel, the intersection between a row and a column is called
□ □ þ □ □	Data A field A cell An equation A pixel
22. All of the following statements are true, except one. Pick the wrong answer.
□ □ □ □ þ	A spatial reference is another word for a x,y or x,y,z coordinate A spatial reference can be explicit or implicit (direct or indirect) A spatial reference can be absolute or relative A spatial reference tells us where on the Earth’s surface a particular geometry is referring to A spatial reference links map coordinates with geographic coordinates
23. There are three types of data found in a spreadsheet.
□ □ □ þ □	Data, words, and numbers Equations, data and numbers Words, numbers and labels Numbers, formulas and labels Numbers, dates, and text
24. All of the following statements are true, except one. Pick the wrong answer.
□ □ þ □ □	Geostatistical data is based on a continuous model of space Geostatistical data consists of samples taken at fixed locations Geostatistical data is the results of statistical analysis and hence not truly measured data Geostatistical data is point data, where the points are supposed to be representative for their neighbors Geostatistical data assumes the applicability of Tobler’s First Law of Geography
25. Pick the correct completion of the sentence starting with “A lattice …”
□ □ þ □ □	Is a regular dissection of space Can only be applied to polygon data Consists of non-overlapping areas Is a special kind of vector adapt for 3-dimensional objects Describes the fill pattern of polygons on a map
26. On a GIS map, how can geographic objects be represented? By
□ □ □ þ □	Points Lines Polygons All of the above Pixels
27. Raster data …
þ □ □ □ □	Consists of many individual regularly spaced points that each are representative for their neighborhood Is the result of interactive digitizing, either on-screen or using a digitizer Is the preferred option to store geographic features with well-defined boundaries Is good for minimal disk space usage because we don’t need to store each individual coordinate Is the preferred option for GIS applications that deal with man-made rather than natural features
28. In geography (as opposed to geographic information science), we are mainly concerned with
þ □ □ □ □	Spatial modeling Conceptual modeling Logical data modeling Physical data modeling Implementation
29. The geo-relational principle …
□ □ □ þ □	Describes the link between geographic and map data Underlies all spatial relationships (e.g., adjacency, containment, intersection, etc.) Forms the basis of most commercial database management systems Links geographic locations with attributes describing what can be found at these locations Says that ”everything is related to everything else, but things closer to each other in geographic space are also more closely related with respect to their attributes”
30. Pick the one correct completion among the following. “Geographic features …
□ □ þ □ □	And map features are the same Can be represented by different map features, which however must all be of the same geometry type Can be represented by different map features of different geometry types Have Cartesian coordinates Must have a name
31. Pick the wrong statement
□ □ □ □ þ	Metadata is data about data Metadata is automatically created and maintained in ArcGIS Metadata helps us to identify/understand data in old projects or data compiled by others Metadata has many aspects and covers the whole range of spatial, temporal, and attribute components of geographic data Metadata is that part of a dataset that cannot be trusted; e.g. the noise in GPS data is metadata
32. A datum that is accurate for North America is likely to be accurate for Europe
□ þ	True False
33. All of the following statements are true about a datum, except one. Which one?
þ □ □ □	A datum defines the origin of a geographic coordinate system A datum specifies the location where the spheroid touches the earth's surface A datum specifies which spheroid is being used A datum specifies the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system
34. Examine the map below. What type of surface is the map projection based on?
þ □ □ □	Cone Cylinder Plane Sphere
35. Suppose you wrap a cylinder around the earth so that it touches along the equator. Then, you project a light source through the globe onto the cylinder. Which of the following statements best describes the resulting map?
þ □ □ □	The map will be accurate in the equatorial zone The map will be accurate in the mid-latitude zone The map will be accurate in the polar region The map will not be accurate in any zone
36. When you want to use a dataset that has an unknown spatial reference, you should try to track down the source of the data to find out what the coordinate system is
þ □	True False
37. All the following statements are correct, except one. Pick the wrong sentence completion. “In surveying, …
□ □ □ þ □	The goal is to determine locations near the surface of the earth Positional accuracy is usually of higher importance than it is in geography We use a combination of distance and angle from a known point to determine unknown locations The common use of GPS has rendered the profession of surveyors obsolete We face the challenge of linking local with regional and national surveys
38. The use of instruments called digitizers has diminished because
□ □ þ □ □	They proved to be hazardous with all the electrical currents constantly running through them They are bulky and similarly unwieldy as globes On-screen digitizing is far more comfortable Scanners to their job now automatically The manufacturers Calcomp and Summagraphics started a ruinous competition that killed the competition
39. In georeferencing
□ □ þ □ □	We locate coordinates for street addresses We need at least four well-known points We tell the computer which table coordinate is supposed to represent which real world coordinate We use GPS to find our locations Move reference points around until we have a somewhat decent fit with other data already loaded
40. Point-mode digitizing
□ þ □ □ □	Creates many redundant points Is mainly used for capturing man-made phenomena Is rarely used because every point has to be explicitly digitized, which is very tedious Is more accurate because the person entering the data can immediately correct cartographic errors Is inferior to stream-mode digitizing, where the computer generates most points intelligently
41. Identify the wrong statement
□ □ □ □ þ	Scanning creates large amounts of “dumb data” Scanned data has contains no geographic features Scanned data can be useful as contextual background information Scanner resolutions these days are good enough for most geographic applications Scanning has all but replaced manual or interactive digitizing
42. For proper 4-dimensional GPS reception, we need at least
□ □ □ þ □	1 satellite and high GDOP 2 satellites 3 satellites 4 satellites 5 satellites
43. All but one of the following statements are correct. Pick the wrong one. “GPS receivers…
□ □ □ þ □	Need either a good internal clock or the ability to read the current time from an Internet server That cost less than $200 are hardly better than a compass Have problems in mountains, tunnels and caves Work only at daytime – atmospheric distortions are too big at night Require a second unit at a base station to achieve sub-meter accuracy
44. Unofficial secondary data …
□ □ □ þ □	Is unreliable Is cheaper than official data That comes from research reports is usually extremely well documented Grows in market share on the national geodata market Is by definition biased because there is always somebody, who paid for its creation
45. All but one of the following statements are correct. Pick the wrong one. “A good source for geophysical data
□ □ □ þ □	Is USGS Is NOAA Is NASA Is FDA Is EPA
46. Census data is a great geographic resource because …
□ þ □ □ □	US Census was instrumental in the invention of GIS It is indexed by geographic location It contains so many geographic variables They hired so many geographers as full-time employees It is a complete (100%) dataset